Ellenson shows that within Judaism there have always been universalistic and particularistic dimensions, starting with the concept of covenant (brit) in the Bible. "This notion maintains that God stands in relationship with all people." These dual dimensions are also displayed in the idea of Tikkun Olam, a concept that also binds Jews to God. "The universalism inherent in Jewish teachings on covenant requires Jews to apply the foundational Jewish values of justice and mercy to all humanity."